My Ten-Year Journey from Clueless to Getting a Clue

By Lois Winston

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Note from the author: If you’ve ever attended a writers’ conference, a writing workshop, or an author talk, you’ve probably heard that the road to publication is a marathon, not a sprint. However, until you’ve taken part in that marathon, you have no idea just how appropriate the analogy is.

I was one of the Keynote Speakers at this year’s Killer Nashville Conference and had the honor of speaking at the Saturday night banquet. Afterwards, I had dozens of people thank me for having the courage to “tell it like it really is,” laying bare the trials and tribulations I encountered in my ten-year journey from unpublished wannabe to bestselling and award-winning author. After speaking with Clay Sunday morning, we decided that I should share my talk with those who couldn’t attend the banquet or view the livestream of the awards ceremony. What follows is that Keynote Address.

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My First Clueless Career Aspiration: astronaut.

Reality Check: NASA isn’t interested in vertically challenged candidates who suffer from motion sickness.

My Second Clueless Career Aspiration: starring on Broadway.

Reality Check: Broadway isn’t interested in singers who can’t sing, dancers who can’t dance, and actors who can’t act.

Getting a clue: Going to art school and becoming a crafts designer. No singing, dancing, acting, or G-force required.

I never thought about writing novels until 1995 when I awoke one morning to find imaginary people had taken up residence in my brain and were demanding I tell their story.

Three weeks later, I’d written a 50,000-word romance that spanned thirty-five years. Being completely clueless, I thought I’d written The Great American Novel. Agents and editors thought otherwise.

Until one didn’t.

That agent said my book had potential but needed work. The agency had an editing service. They offered me a discount. Yes, clueless me fell for their scam. Several years later, everyone connected with that agency was convicted of fraud.

Another agent said she could get more money for my book by first selling the screenplay. Nothing ever came of it. A few years later, I saw Notting Hill. That was my plot! Coincidence? I hope so, but I’ve learned theft of intellectual property is common in Hollywood. Just ask Tess Gerritsen.

Instead of giving up after countless rejections and negative experiences, I bought an armload of books on how to write a romance. I learned about a national organization with local chapters that welcomed clueless wannabees like me. I joined. I started another manuscript and worked on revising The Great American Novel.

A year later, I attended my first conference and pitched my manuscript. One well-known agent requested it, then offered me representation. I was finally on my way.

Or so clueless me thought. Until the rejection letters started filling her mailbox.

Clueless me thought that if you write a book an agent loves, she’ll quickly be able to sell it.

Reality Check: that rarely happens.

Sometimes, no matter how hard you work at something and no matter how many professionals agree that your book is worthy of publication, outside forces can work against you.

The editor who champions your book can’t convince the editorial board, or she leaves the publishing house, or moves to a different position where she’s no longer buying your genre. I experienced all of that as I began to get a clue about the realities of publishing.

During those years, my agent never gave up on me, though. I think I became her pet project.

By the late 90s chick lit had become all the rage. My agent suggested I try writing one. Several editors showed interest in Resurrecting Gertie. Until they didn’t.

Then, one day in late 2003, my agent said an editor at Warner Books was looking for a humorous crafting-themed amateur sleuth series. My agent thought I’d be the perfect person to write one. I knew crafts, and my chick lit novel proved I could write humor.

I bought an armload of books on how to write a mystery. A few days later, when I burned my finger on my glue gun, I even had a title. Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun became the first book in my Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery Series.

A few months later, I’d finished the book. The editor loved it. But Warner was in the process of being sold to Hatchette. All contracts were on hold. Then, Hatchette took over and immediately cancelled the cozy and amateur sleuth lines.

I entered Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun in St. Martin’s Malice Domestic competition. The grand prize was a publishing contract with a ten-thousand-dollar advance. I was notified that I was a finalist. I didn’t win.

Maybe I was too clueless to read the writing on the wall. Maybe my agent was, too. But my stubbornness trumped my cluelessness, and my agent still didn’t give up on me.

In late 2004, Dorchester Publishing teamed up with Romantic Times Magazine to create the American Title competition. The winner received a publishing contract. My agent wasn’t keen on Dorchester, but I decided to enter several manuscripts. Resurrecting Gertie, my chick lit novel, was a finalist. It came in second, but I was still offered a contract. Ten years, almost to the day of that long ago dream, it was published as Talk Gertie to Me.

During those ten years, I’d kept revising The Great American Novel. As I racked up clues, it morphed into Love, Lies and a Double Shot of Deception, a 95,000-word romantic suspense that spanned several months. It became my second sale.

I’d also acquired enough clues that shortly after my first sale, I was invited to join the agency that represented me. I began by reading the slush pile and eventually had a handful of clients. Suddenly, I was juggling three full-time careers—designer, author, and agent.

Happy ending? Not quite.

When I began writing thirty years ago, clueless me thought it was realistic to think I’d earn an extra $20,000 - $30,000 a year to supplement my income.

One of the reasons my agent wasn’t enthusiastic about Dorchester was that they paid very low advances and only 4% royalties. Other mass market publishers paid 6-8%. After my agent took her 15%, I made pennies on each book.

Dorchester also did little to promote their authors. I was advised to hire a publicist. My entire advance went to her, but her efforts did result in the book earning out the advance in less than a year and going into a second printing.

Still, I had much to learn. Like don’t believe the bookstore when they say your books have arrived for your launch party. They hadn’t.

Clueless me also didn’t realize that even after receiving a book contract, things can go sideways. Another reason my agent had been leery about Dorchester was some of their previous business practices. Apparently, the past wasn’t in the past, because after about a year, the royalty statements began arriving minus royalty checks. Then, even the statements stopped coming. Long story short, Dorchester was about to file for bankruptcy. Not wanting their authors’ books tied up in bankruptcy court, agents scrambled to get rights back.

At the last minute, Amazon swooped in and offered to pay back royalties to the remaining, unagented authors in exchange for the rights to publish their books. Those of us who’d gotten our rights back never saw a penny of the royalties owed us and weren’t offered contracts.

Meanwhile, my agent had continued to send out Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun. In November 2009, I received a 3-book contract from Midnight Ink, a division of Llewellyn Worldwide.

Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun was their lead title for 2011. The book received starred reviews from Publishers Weekly and Booklist. Kirkus Reviews called Anastasia, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” Llewellyn paid my way to signings at Bouchercon, BookExpo, and the ALA convention.

But things were turning out less than rosy.

They promoted my book as a cozy. I was no longer clueless. I knew cozies didn’t contain 4-letter words, but I’d written an amateur sleuth mystery, which has less constraints. I’m a Jersey girl, writing about a Jersey girl, in a state where the bad guys are often members of the Mafia. They don’t say, “Golly, gee whiz.”

No one had asked me to remove certain words during the editing process. My editor said don’t worry. They’d marketed the book as cozy because cozies sold better than books labeled amateur sleuth. The book was out less than a week when the hate mail started arriving. Even words as mild as “damn” and “hell” incensed some readers.

I chalked up another clue and switched to euphemisms in future books.

They asked permission to make the first book free for a short time when the second book came out. I said I didn’t mind a sale, but I was opposed to giving away large quantities of books.

They ignored my objections. Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun was free for an entire month when Death by Killer Mop Doll released. They gave away more than 64,000 ebooks.

Twice, my books were printed with missing chapters. When employees began leaving, rumors spread, and I feared a repeat of what had happened at Dorchester.

In 2012, I had been offered contracts for additional books in the series, plus a second series. But Lewellyn had hired a new corporate attorney who replaced all agency negotiated contracts with a new boilerplate containing questionable clauses. When they refused to negotiate, my agent advised against signing and demanded my rights back. Not long after, Llewellyn folded their fiction lines.

A few smaller publishers showed interest in picking up my series, but friends who published with them weren’t happy. My agent suggested I independently publish the series. With her help, we’d already indie published my Dorchester books.

But in 2017, my agent passed away.

So now I’m pretty much a one-woman show, writing my books, designing my covers, formatting, uploading, promoting and marketing.

I’m no longer clueless about writing and publishing. I’ve been on both sides of the table as an author and agent. I’ve experienced the good, the bad, and the ugly of this industry. Since going indie, I’ve made the USA Today list once and Amazon’s bestseller list several times.

And I’m still writing. Seams Like the Perfect Crime is the fourteenth and latest Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery. I’ve written twenty-five novels, five novellas, a children’s chapter book, several short stories, and a book on writing based on what I learned working at the agency.

I also have one novel that cavorts with the dust bunnies under my bed because I’ve gained enough clues to realize that book should never see the light of day.

Learn more about me and my books at loiswinston.com, where you can sign up for my newsletter and receive an Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mini-Mystery. That’s a marketing clue I learned from attending a Killer Nashville workshop. You can also find me blogging at Booklover’s Bench and The Stiletto Gang.

In closing, I wish you all find enough clues on your own writing journeys to succeed on whichever publishing path you choose.

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USA Today and Amazon bestselling and award-winning author Lois Winston writes mystery, romance, romantic suspense, chick lit, women’s fiction, children’s chapter books, and nonfiction. Kirkus Reviews dubbed her critically acclaimed Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” In addition, Lois is a former literary agent and an award-winning craft and needlework designer who often draws much of her source material for both her characters and plots from her experiences in the crafts industry. A Crafty Collage of Crime, the twelfth book in her series, was the recipient of the 2024 Killer Nashville Silver Falchion Award for Best Comedy, and Sorry, Knot Sorry, the thirteenth book in the series, recently won the 2025 Silver Falchion for Best Comedy. Learn more about Lois and her books at www.loiswinston.com. Sign up for her newsletter to receive an Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mini-Mystery.

When a Rejection Isn’t Really a Rejection

By Lois Winston

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The unicorn of publishing occurs when an author with her first book immediately gets an agent, then scores a six-figure, multi-book deal, all within a few weeks. For the rest of us, it can take anywhere from years to decades. During that time, we deal with too many people telling us our baby is butt ugly (although hopefully, not in such harsh words).

As much as we try to develop Teflon-coated skin to keep the rejections from getting to us, it’s not easy. Our emotional awareness is one of our writing superpowers. We not only often cry while reading certain scenes in books or watching them in movies or TV shows, but we’ve even been known to shed more than a tear or two while writing a poignant scene. That same heightened sense of emotion is what makes it difficult for us to deal with rejections.

However, publishing is a tough business. It’s run by bean counters who are always looking at the bottom line. Finding an editor who loves your book is only the first step in selling your book. Few editors have the power to make unilateral decisions. They need to convince others at the publishing house that your book is worthy of a contract.

The truth about this profession we’ve chosen is that you WILL get rejected because everyone gets rejected, even bestselling authors, even the unicorn author when her unicorn book doesn’t live up to its hype and earn out that mega-advance.

If you can’t deal with rejection, you have two choices: you can toughen up, or you can save yourself the heartache by quitting before those rejection letters start filling your inbox.

When I started writing, no one told me the publishing facts of life. By the time I discovered the odds were stacked against me, I’d been infected by the writing bug and couldn’t stop writing. If you HAVE to write, if writing is as much a part of you as eating, sleeping, and breathing, keep writing.

In the beginning, I received my share of form rejection letters. The worst was a 1/2” x 1” rubber stamped NOT FOR US at the top of my query letter, which was shoved back into my SASE. I wondered if I was a glutton for punishment or simply delusional, but I couldn’t stop writing.

One day I found myself with three agents interested in the same manuscript. I chose the agent who rose at 6am on a Sunday morning to call from Hawaii where she was attending a conference. I figured if she was that eager to land me as a client, she’d be as aggressive about selling my work.

Little did either of us realize how long it would take to convince the publishing world of my talent. Most agents cut a client loose after a year or two of not being able to sell their work. Mine stuck with me. Her faith in my writing kept me writing through years of rejections. When you have a professional who believes in you that much, you don’t give up on your dreams. (Family doesn’t count. They’re supposed to love and believe in you).

Having an agent meant I no longer received form rejection letters. Editors took the time to highlight what they liked about each book but also why they were rejecting it. This was how I learned that sometimes a book is rejected for purely business reasons and has nothing to do with the quality of the author’s writing.

But here’s another truth about publishing: sometimes writers sabotage themselves. Although editors will tell an agent why a book was rejected, they rarely give specific information to unagented writers. If an agent or editor takes the time to outline her reasons for rejecting your manuscript, file that rejection away at your own risk.

After you’ve stomped around the house, ranted about the unfairness of life, called your critique group to cry on their collective shoulders, eaten way too much chocolate, and washed it down with too many glasses of wine, stop whining and get to work. Because that rejection isn’t a rejection; it’s a rejection for now. And there’s a big difference.

If an agent or editor explains why your book is being rejected and what you need to do to revise it, she’s telling you she’s open to you resubmitting that manuscript to her. Otherwise, she wouldn’t bother. She’d simply reject with a standard thank you for submitting (fill in the book’s title) but a) this isn’t right for us b) we already have an author writing similar books or c) we’ve already filled our list of (fill in the genre) for this year.

Settle your tush in your chair, place your fingers on the keyboard, and start revising that manuscript. Don’t take forever, though. The agent or editor doesn’t expect a one-week turnaround, but there’s an expiration date on that offer of resubmission. Wait too long, and by the time you send it back to her, she may have already found a similar author or book.

Even if you send your revised manuscript to the editor in a reasonable amount of time, you still might receive a rejection if she can’t get approval to offer you a contract. If that happens, it’s not the end of the world. You now have a much better manuscript to send off to other agents or editors. And who knows? You might wind up with a better offer.

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USA Today and Amazon bestselling and award-winning author Lois Winston writes mystery, romance, romantic suspense, chick lit, women’s fiction, children’s chapter books, and nonfiction. Kirkus Reviews dubbed her critically acclaimed Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” In addition, Lois is an award-winning craft and needlework designer who often draws much of her source material for both her characters and plots from her experiences in the crafts industry. She also worked for twelve years as an associate at a literary agency. Her most recent release is Seams Like the Perfect Crime, the fourteenth book in her Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery Series. Join her at this year’s Killer Nashville banquet where she’ll be the Keynote Speaker and divulge the other clues she got along the way to becoming a published author. Learn more about Lois and her books at www.loiswinston.com. Sign up for her newsletter to receive an Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mini-Mystery.

The Myth of the Five Senses

By Lois Winston

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The other day, I read a statement that blew my mind—and not in a good way. Someone had written, “Some writing coaches advise that each page should include a reference to the five senses: see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.”

No! No! No! Wrong! Wrong! Wrong!

The Internet is filled with bogus information and/or people who claim to be experts in fields where they have no expertise. I don’t know where this person got her information, but it’s certainly not from a credible source.

Writing Rule Number One 

All dialogue and narrative in a novel must do one of two things: either advance the plot or tell the reader something she needs to know at that moment about the point of view character. If it does neither, it’s filler and doesn’t belong in your novel.

Writing Rule Number Two

Only describe that which is pertinent to the scene and/or character. If it’s not pertinent, it’s filler.

Writing Rule Number Three

Filler is bad! Always. No exceptions. It kills your pacing and bores the reader.

The five senses can either be a writer’s best friend or worst enemy. When used judicially, they can grab readers and pluck them down in the middle of the book’s action. When overdone, they make readers’ eyes glaze over. And any writer who makes a point of cramming the five senses onto each page, will not only have her readers’ eyes glazing over, but she’ll have them tossing the book across the room. 

5 senses x 300-400 pages = 1500-2000 reasons to stop reading (and probably never pick up another book by that author.)

So, when should you insert the five senses? Refer to Writing Rule Number Two. Need some examples? Keep reading.

Your character is a New York City commuter, standing on the platform of the #7 subway during a hazy, hot, and humid typical August in the city. She doesn’t notice the trash spilling from the garbage cans or the graffiti-covered walls. She’s become inured to the heat and the stench. Not that they don’t bother her, but she’s too used to them to take note. 

As a former commuter, I can tell you the best way to cope with the subway in summer is not set foot in it, but if you must, you learn to close your mind (and your nose) to your surroundings. Which is what our fictional character would do. 

Instead of focusing on the heat and stench and how uncomfortable she is, our stalwart protagonist is most likely scrolling through her Instagram or TikTok feed as she awaits the train. She’d only take note of the sights, sounds, and smells if there’s a good reason for her to do so. I could offer examples, but I’ll spare you the gory details because some of you may be reading this while eating lunch.

Now imagine your character is a twelfth century Scottish nobleman. He wakes up one morning to find himself magically transported to that same subway platform, he’s bombarded with all those sensory images and more. Everything he sees and hears is foreign and frightening to him. The one exception? The stench. Since twelfth century Scots bathed as infrequently as once a year or at most, once a month, most of the offensive odors are normal smells to him. Anything unusual would likely be masked by the smells he’d ignore. In such a scenario, have fun describing every detail of the assault to this very confused poor guy’s senses.

In Stitch, Bake, Die!, the tenth book in my Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, Anastasia enters the victim’s kitchen to find the following:

Someone had ransacked the kitchen. Cabinets lay bare, their contents scattered across the floor in a haphazard array of pots, pans, and broken glassware and dishes. Drawers had been yanked out and tossed aside, appliances swept from the counters. Not a single package of food remained on the pantry shelves or in the refrigerator. Whoever had trashed Marlene’s kitchen had taken the time to open boxes, bags, and canisters and dump all the food. Everything from raisin bran to frozen broccoli florets to dried pasta peppered the room. A dusting of flour and sugar lay over everything like newly fallen snow.

Note, I wrote a short paragraph describing only what Anastasia sees. I don’t mention any lingering food smells or the sound of rain beating on the windowpanes. I don’t have her biting down on the inside of her cheek and tasting the coppery tang of blood or feeling her heart pounding in her chest. I don’t have her going weak in the knees and grabbing the door jamb to steady herself. All that is important to this scene is what she sees when she arrives in the kitchen. Given the plot and what happens next, further description would be filler.

The takeaway here? Describe what needs describing, then get on with your story.

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USA Today and Amazon bestselling and award-winning author Lois Winston writes mystery, romance, romantic suspense, chick lit, women’s fiction, children’s chapter books, and nonfiction. Kirkus Reviews dubbed her critically acclaimed Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” In addition, Lois is a former literary agent and an award-winning craft and needlework designer who often draws much of her source material for both her characters and plots from her experiences in the crafts industry. Her most recent release is Sorry, Knot Sorry, the thirteenth book in her Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery Series. Learn more about Lois and her books at www.loiswinston.com where you can also sign up for her newsletter and follow her on various social media sites.

Three Rules for Creating Cozies that Stand Out in the Crowd

By Lois Winston

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Life’s journeys are rarely along a straight path. The same can be said for our writing journeys. I began my career firmly entrenched in the world of romance. Then, one fateful day, I received a phone call that changed my life. My agent asked if I’d be interested in writing a humorous crafting-themed mystery series featuring an amateur sleuth. She knew an editor looking for one. My agent went on to say that she thought I’d be the perfect person to write such a series because I worked as a crafts designer for various publications and manufacturers, and my award-winning first novel, Talk Gertie to Me, was a humorous fish-out-of-water tale.

The closest I’d ever come to writing mystery was my three romantic suspense novels. However, there’s a huge difference between mysteries and suspense. Also, I wasn’t someone who had grown up reading Nancy Drew, and it had been years since I’d watched Murder She Wrote. Still, the challenge intrigued me, and I set out to learn all I could about amateur sleuth and cozy mysteries, specifically, those that involved crafts.

Armed with a stack of books from both the library and my local bookstore, I immersed myself in the sub-genre. I discovered that most crafting cozies centered around a craft shop or a group of crafters, such as quilters, knitters, or scrapbookers. Some featured a production crafter, such as a potter or stained-glass artisan. All took place in small towns, and the amateur sleuth always had a sidekick, usually a friend or relative.

Years ago, I’d been told that it’s never a good idea to follow a trend. If I wrote this series, I’d be competing against well-established authors. To succeed, I needed to stand out, and to do that, I needed to think outside the box. What could I do differently that would set my series apart, yet still be embraced by readers of the genre?

This brings me to Rule One: Give a unique spin to your protagonist, her profession, and/or the setting of your series.

I started out by switching up the setting. Instead of a small town, my series would take place in a metropolitan area, a suburb of New York City. Rather than having a sleuth who owned a craft or needlework shop, I’d make my sleuth the crafts editor at a women’s magazine. 

But I didn’t stop there. In the romance genre, clueless heroines are dubbed TSTL, Too Stupid to Live. These are the women who suspect danger is lurking around a dark corner, in a dank basement, or in spooky woods, yet they deliberately turn the corner, descend the staircase, or head for the trees, where they are then usually confronted by an escaped murderer, monster, or serial killer.

As I read through dozens of cozy mysteries, I came across a similar phenomenon—the busybody snoop who is convinced she’s smarter than local law enforcement and will do a better and quicker job of discovering whodunit. I did not want to write a busybody sleuth. Instead, I decided to create a reluctant amateur sleuth, a woman who wants nothing to do with crime-solving but is forced into it by circumstances beyond her control.

Rule Two: Set up an overall situation that will allow the protagonist to make progress toward reaching her goals and resolving her conflicts as the series progresses from book to book.

Writing an ongoing series means the protagonist needs a reason to keep sleuthing. I set the stage in Assault with a Deadly Glue Gun, the first book in my Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mysteries. It opens with Anastasia yanked from her comfortable middle-class existence after her husband drops dead in a Las Vegas casino. That’s when she learns about his affair with Lady Luck. He leaves her with massive debt and a bookie demanding fifty-thousand dollars. 

In each book in the series, Anastasia works at whittling down her debt to keep a roof over her family’s heads. But as she moonlights and takes on side gigs, she keeps running across unsavory characters and the corpses they leave in their wake.

Which brings me to Rule Three: Develop secondary characters that add depth to your series and create additional problems for your protagonist.

I also discovered that in addition to every amateur sleuth needing someone to play Watson to her Sherlock, she also needs to interact with members of her family and her community. However, many of the books I read kept these secondary and tertiary characters to a minimum. The only new characters introduced in each book were always specific to that book’s murder plot and rarely, if ever, appeared again. Throughout my series, I’ve often introduced new characters who have provided ongoing subplots that are intertwined within the mysteries and add layers of depth to the series as they, too, evolve. Not every character appears in every book. They come and go based on the plot of each book, but they’re available when I need them.

Sorry, Knot Sorry, is the thirteenth and latest book in my Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series. In each book, Anastasia continues to be motivated toward reaching her goals and resolving the conflicts that impede her from doing so, and she has continued to grow as a person. But of course, the dead bodies keep coming.

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USA Today and Amazon bestselling and award-winning author Lois Winston writes mystery, romance, romantic suspense, chick lit, women’s fiction, children’s chapter books, and nonfiction. Kirkus Reviews dubbed her critically acclaimed Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” In addition, Lois is a former literary agent and an award-winning craft and needlework designer who often draws much of her source material for both her characters and plots from her experiences in the crafts industry. Her most recent release is Sorry, Knot Sorry, the thirteenth book in her Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery Series. Learn more about Lois and her books at her website www.loiswinston.com where you can also sign up for her newsletter and follow her on various social media sites.

The Difference Between Passive Voice and Passive Verbs

By Lois Winston

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I began writing fiction nearly thirty years ago. Over the years, I’ve attended dozens of writing conferences, both in the romance genre and the mystery genre. Most of what I learned was invaluable toward advancing my writing career. However, occasionally I’d come across inaccurate information. Such is the case with passive voice and passive verbs.

Once upon a time, somewhere during some talk or on some panel, someone emphatically stated that authors should NEVER use any form of the verb “to be.” That misinformed person said using “was,” along with its brothers and sisters (is, am, are, were, been,) was passive voice and a surefire way to receive a rejection from agents and editors. Like a bad rumor, this piece of writing advice flew from writer to writer, taking on a life of its own, until it became gospel. 

I’d like to set the record straight. There’s a huge difference between passive verbs and passive voice.

Passive voice is when an action is acted upon the subject, rather than the subject acting. The car was driven by Anna is a passive sentence. Anna drove the car is an active sentence. However, Anna was happy to drive the car is not a passive sentence. Anna is expressing emotion. She is acting, rather than being acted upon. Of course, there are more interesting ways to write the sentence to show Anna’s emotions, but that’s a separate discussion.

One of the easiest ways to tell whether your sentence is active or passive is to analyze the position of the subject, verb, and direct object. In active voice, the subject (the one performing the action) will come before the verb (the action), and the verb will come before the direct object (that which is being acted upon.)

There are instances, though, when passive voice is necessary to the unfolding of a story or better suited to the realism of the dialogue. When we speak, we don’t first think whether our sentences are active or passive before uttering them. We just speak them. The same is true when writing dialogue. Manipulate a sentence to avoid passive voice in a conversation between characters, and you often transform snappy dialogue into stilted dialogue. 

For example: Billy ran into the house and cried, “Mom! Come quick. Snoopy was hit by a car!”  This passage accurately illustrates the way a child might respond to a car hitting his dog. Snoopy was hit by a car is a passive sentence because Snoopy is being acted upon by the car, but the child mentions Snoopy first because the dog’s welfare is uppermost in his mind. Also, by placing the last sentence in passive voice, the author is ratcheting up the tension. We don’t know until the very end exactly what hit Snoopy. A stray baseball? A nasty neighbor? A falling tree limb? Although A car hit Snoopy, is active voice, using it lessens the impact of the sentence.

Still squeamish about the use of “was”? After you finish your manuscript, do a search of the word. Check each sentence to see if you can rewrite it to avoid using “was.” If you can, and it doesn’t detract from the pacing, dialogue, or meaning of the passage, do so. If not, leave it. Some “was” are meant to be.

EXCEPT in the subjunctive.

The what, you ask? Subjunctive case or mood is one of the most misunderstood rules in the English language because it runs counter to subject/verb agreement. In other words, if a subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. But not in the subjunctive.

The subjunctive applies to cases of “wishfulness” or “what if” situations. In these cases, “was” becomes “were,” as in, I wish I were taller. “Were” is also used when a sentence or clause uses “if,” “as if,” or “as though,” but only in instances where the statement is contrary to fact. 

Examples include: 
If I were taller, I could see the stage better.
Her twelve-year-old son acts as if he were in kindergarten. 
The maid behaved as though she were queen. 

Because I cannot grow taller, the twelve-year-old is not in kindergarten, and the maid is not a queen, all the statements are contrary to fact, and “was” becomes “were” even though the subjects are all singular.

Keep in mind, though, that the key statement here is “contrary to fact.” “If” statements that are not contrary to fact retain the singular form of the verb. If I was at the store that day, I don’t remember is a correct sentence because the statement is not contrary to fact whether I can recall the event or not. 

So don’t be afraid to use “was” and “were” in your writing but be sure to use them correctly.

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USA Today and Amazon bestselling and award-winning author Lois Winston writes mystery, romance, romantic suspense, chick lit, women’s fiction, children’s chapter books, and nonfiction. Kirkus Reviews dubbed her critically acclaimed Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery series, “North Jersey’s more mature answer to Stephanie Plum.” In addition, Lois is a former literary agent and an award-winning craft and needlework designer who often draws much of her source material for both her characters and plots from her experiences in the crafts industry. Her most recent release is Sorry, Knot Sorry, the thirteenth book in her Anastasia Pollack Crafting Mystery Series. Learn more about Lois and her books at her website www.loiswinston.com where you can also sign up for her newsletter and follow her on various social media sites.